Attitudes & Emotion

Select Papers

Cockburn, J., Man, V., Cunningham, W. A., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2022). Novelty and uncertainty regulate the balance between exploration and exploitation through distinct mechanisms in the human brain. Neuron, 110, 1-12.

Cunningham, W. A. & Brosch, T. (2012). Motivational salience: Amygdala tuning from traits, needs, values, and goals. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 54–59.

Cunningham, W. A., Van Bavel, J. J., & Johnsen, I. R. (2008). Affective flexibility: Evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity. Psychological Science, 19, 152–160.

Kirkland, T. & Cunningham, W. A. (2012). Mapping Emotions through Time: How Affective Trajectories Inform the Language of Emotion. Emotion, 12, 268–282.

All Papers

Cho, H., Teoh, Y. Y., Cunningham, W. A., & Hutcherson, C. A. (2023). Deliberative control is more than just reactive: Insights from sequential sampling models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, e116.

Cockburn, J., Man, V., Cunningham, W. A., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2022). Novelty and uncertainty regulate the balance between exploration and exploitation through distinct mechanisms in the human brain. Neuron, 110, 1-12.

Cunningham, W. A., Arbuckle, N. L., Jahn, A., Mowrer, S. M., & Abduljalil, A.M. (2010). Aspects of neuroticism and the amygdala: Chronic tuning from motivational styles. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3399–3404.

Cunningham, W. A. & Brosch, T. (2012). Motivational salience: Amygdala tuning from traits, needs, values, and goals. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 54–59.

Cunningham, W. A., Dunfield, K. A., & Stillman, P. (2013). Emotional states from affective dynamics. Emotion Review, 5, 344–355.

Cunningham, W. A., Espinet, S. D., DeYoung, C. G., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Attitudes to the right – and left: Frontal ERP asymmetries associated with stimulus valence and processing goals. NeuroImage, 28, 827–834.

Cunningham, W. A., Haas, I. J., & Jahn, A. (2011). Attitudes. In J. Decety & J. T. Cacioppo (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Neuroscience, 212–226. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cunningham, W. A., Johnsen, I. R., & Waggoner, A. S. (2011). Orbitofrontal cortex provides cross-modal valuation of self–‐generated stimuli. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6, 286– 293.

Cunningham, W. A., & Johnson, M. K. (2007). Attitudes and evaluation: Toward a component process framework. In E. Harmon-Jones & P. Winkielman (Eds.), Social neuroscience: Integrating biological and psychological explanations of social behavior, 227–245. New York: Guilford Press.

Cunningham, W. A., Johnson, M. K., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Neural components of social evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 639–649.

Cunningham, W. A., Kesek, A., Mowrer, S. M. (2009). Distinct orbitofrontal regions encode stimulus and choice valuation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 1956–966.

Cunningham, W. A. & Kirkland, T. (2012). Emotion, cognition, and the classical elements of mind. Emotion Review 4, 369–370.

Cunningham, W. A., & Kirkland, T. (2014). The joyful, yet balanced, amygdala: moderated responses to positive but not negative stimuli in trait happiness. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9, 760–766.

Cunningham, W. & Luttrell, A. (2015). Attitudes. In Arthur W. Toga (Ed.), Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference. Oxford: Elsevier.

Cunningham, W. A., Packer, D. J., Kesek, A., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2008). Implicit measurement of attitudes: A physiological approach. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 485–512). New York: Psychology Press.

Cunningham, W. A., Preacher, K. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science, 12, 163–170.

Cunningham, W. A., Raye, C. L., & Johnson, M. K. (2004). Implicit and explicit evaluation: fMRI correlates of valence, emotional intensity, and control in the processing of attitudes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1717–1729.

Cunningham, W. A., Raye, C. L., & Johnson, M. K. (2005). Neural correlates of evaluation associated with promotion and prevention regulatory focus. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 202–211.

Cunningham, W. A., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2009). Varieties of emotional experience: Differences in object or computation? Emotion Review, 1, 56–57.

Cunningham, W. A., Van Bavel, J. J., & Johnsen, I. R. (2008). Affective flexibility: Evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity. Psychological Science, 19, 152–160.

Cunningham, W.A., & Zelazo, P.D. (2007). Attitudes and evaluations: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 97–104.

Cunningham, W. A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2009). The development of iterative reprocessing: Implications for affect and its regulation. In P. D. Zelazo, M. Chandler, & E. Crone (Eds.), Developmental social cognitive neuroscience, 81–98. New York: Taylor and Francis.

Cunningham, W. A., Zelazo, P. D., Packer, D. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2007). The iterative reprocessing model: A multilevel framework for attitudes and evaluation. Social Cognition, 25, 736–760.

Damiano, C., Walther, D. B., & Cunningham, W. A. (2021). Contour features predict valence and threat judgements in scenes. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-12.

Dukes, D., Abrams, K., Adolphs, R., Ahmed, M. E., Beatty, A., Berridge, K. C., … & Sander, D. (2021). The rise of affectivism. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-5.

Dutra, S. J., Cunningham, W.A., Kober, H., & Gruber, J. (2015). Elevated striatal reactivity across monetary and social rewards in bipolar I disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(4), 890-904.

Dutra, S. J*., Man, V.*, Kober, H., Cunningham, W. A., & Gruber, J. (2017). Disrupted cortico-limbic connectivity during reward processing in remitted bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 19(8), 661-675. *authors contributed equally.

Gawronski, B., Cunningham, W. A., LeBel, E. P., & Deutsch, R. (2010). Attentional influences on affective priming: Does categorization (always) influence spontaneous evaluation? Cognition and Emotion, 24, 1008–1025.

Gelpi, R., Cunningham, W. A., & Buchsbaum, D. (2020). Belief as a non-epistemic adaptive benefit. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 43.

Golubickis, M., Ho, N. S., Falbén, J. K., Schwertel, C. L., Maiuri, A., Dublas, D., Cunningham, W.A., & Macrae, C. N. (2021). Valence and ownership: Object desirability influences self-prioritization. Psychological research, 85(1), 91-100.

Gruber, J., Cunningham, W. A., Kirkland, T., & Hay, A. C. (2012). Feeling stuck in the present? Mania proneness and history associated with present-oriented time perspective. Emotion, 12, 13– 17.

Haas, I. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2014). The uncertainty paradox: Perceived threat moderates the effect of uncertainty on tolerance. Political Psychology, 35, 291–302.

Jones, C. R., Kirkland, T., & Cunningham, W. A. (2013). Attitudes and emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.), 251–266. Guilford Press.

Kanayet, F. J., Opfer, J. O., & Cunningham, W. A. (2014). The Value of Numbers in Economic Rewards. Psychological Science, 25, 1534–1545.

Kirkland, T. & Cunningham, W. A. (2011). The neural basis of affect and emotion. WIRES: Cognitive Science, 2, 656–665.

Kirkland, T. & Cunningham, W. A. (2012). Mapping Emotions through Time: How Affective Trajectories Inform the Language of Emotion. Emotion, 12, 268–282.

Kirkland, T., Gruber J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2015). Comparing happiness and hypomania: A study of extraversion and neuroticism aspects. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1–18.

Kirkland, T., Man, V. Y., & Cunningham, W. A. (2014). Positive emotion and the brain: The neuroscience of happiness. In J. Gruber and J. Moskowitz (Eds.), The light and dark sides of positive emotion, 95–115. Oxford University Press.

Kosik, T. R., Man, V., Jahn, A., Lee, C. H., & Cunningham, W. A. (2020). Decomposing the neural pathways in a simple, value-based choice. NeuroImage, 116764.

Luttrell, A., Stillman, P. E., Hasinski, A., & Cunningham, W. A. (2016). Neural dissociations in attitude strength: Distinct regions of cingulate cortex track ambivalence and certainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(4), 419-433.

Man, V., Ames, D. L., Todorov, A., & Cunningham, W. A. (2016). Amygdala Tuning toward Self and Other. Positive Neuroscience, 105-123, Chapter 7.

Man, V., & Cunningham, W. A. (2021). Multiple scales of valence processing in the brain. Social neuroscience, 16(1), 57-67.

Man, V., Gruber, J., Glahn, D. C., & Cunningham, W. A. (2019). Altered amygdala circuits underlying valence processing among manic and depressed phases in bipolar adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 394-402. 

Man, V., Nohlen, H.U., Melo, H., & Cunningham, W.A. (2017). Hierarchical Brain Systems Support Multiple Representations of Valence and Mixed Affect. Emotion Review, 1-9.

Martens, M.A., Hasinski, A.E., Andridge, R.R., & Cunningham, W.A. (2012). Continuous cognitive dynamics of the evaluation of trustworthiness in Williams syndrome. Frontiers in Psychology, 3(160), 1–9.

Mowrer, S. M., Jahn, A. A., Abduljalil, A., & Cunningham, W. A. (2011). The value of success: Acquiring gains, avoiding losses, and simply being successful. PLoS One, 6, 1–8.

Nohlen, H. U., van Harreveld, F., & Cunningham, W. A. (2019). Social evaluations under conflict: Negative judgments of conflicting information are easier than positive judgments. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(7), 709-718.

Packer, D. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2009). Neural correlates of reflection on goal states: The role of regulatory focus and temporal distance. Social Neuroscience, 4, 412–425.

Packer, D. J., Kesek, A., & Cunningham, W. A. (2011). Self-regulation and evaluative processing. In A. Todorov, S. Fiske, & D. Prentice (Eds.), Social neuroscience: Toward understanding the underpinnings of the social mind, 147–159. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Pretus, C., Ray, J. L., Granot, Y., Cunningham, W. A., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2022). The psychology of hate: Moral concerns differentiate hate from dislike. European Journal of Social Psychology, 53(2), 245-417.

Stillman, P., Van Bavel, J. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2015). Valence asymmetries in the human amygdala: Task relevance modulates amygdala responses cues. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 842–851.

Tang, Y., Gelpi, R., & Cunningham, W. (2023). Unequal norms emerge under coordination uncertainty in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 45.

Teachman, B. A., Clerkin, E. M., Cunningham, W., Dreyer-Oren, S., & Werntz, A. (2019). Implicit Cognition and Psychopathology: Looking Back and Looking Forward. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1).

Teoh, Y. Y., Cunningham, W. A., & Hutcherson, C. A. (2023). Framing subjective emotion reports as dynamic affective decisions. Affective Science, 4(3), 522-528.

Teoh, Y. Y., Yao, Z., Cunningham, W. A., & Hutcherson, C. A. (2020). Attentional priorities drive effects of time pressure on altruistic choice. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1-13.

Todd, R. M., Cunningham, W. A., Anderson, A. K., & Thompson, E. (2012). Affect-biased attention as emotion regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 365–372.

Touryan, S. R., Johnson, M. K., Mitchell, K. J., Farb, N., Cunningham, W. A., & Raye, C. L. (2007). The influence of self-regulatory focus on encoding of, and memory for, emotional words. Social Neuroscience, 2, 14–27.

Van Bavel, J. J., Swencionis, J. K., O’Connor, R. C., & Cunningham, W. A. (2012). Motivated social memory: Belonging needs moderate the own-group bias in face recognition. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 707–713.

Van Bavel, J. J., Xiao, Y. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2012). Evaluation is a dynamic process: Moving beyond dual system models. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 438–454.

Wonch, K.E., de Medeiros, C., Barrett, J., Dudin, A, Cunningham, W. A., Hall, G. B., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2016). Postpartum Depression and Brain Response to Infants: Differential Amygdala Response and Connectivity. Social Neuroscience, 11(6), 600-617.

Zelazo, P. D., & Cunningham, W. (2007). Executive function: Mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 135–158). New York: Guilford.